Addington had taken over as prime minister in 1801, after Pitt's resignation over Catholic Emancipation. Pitt's income tax was levied from 1799 to 1802, when it was abolished by Henry Addington during the Peace of Amiens. Pitt hoped that the new income tax would raise £10 million, but actual receipts for 1799 totalled just over £6 million. Pitt's new graduated (progressive) income tax began at a levy of 2 old pence in the pound ( 1⁄ 120th) on incomes over £60 (£6,719 as of 2021), and increased up to a maximum of 2 shillings (10%) on incomes of over £200. Income tax was first implemented in Great Britain by William Pitt the Younger in his budget of December 1798 to pay for weapons and equipment in preparation for the Napoleonic Wars. ![]() Properties with between ten and twenty windows paid a total of four shillings (comparable to £29.52 in 2021), and those above twenty windows paid eight shillings (£59.05 as of 2021). When the window tax was introduced, it consisted of two parts: a flat-rate house tax of 2 shillings per house (equivalent to £14.76 in 2021) and a variable tax for the number of windows above ten windows. In fact the first permanent British income tax was not introduced until 1842, and the issue remained intensely controversial well into the 20th century. At that time, many people opposed income tax on principle because they believed that the disclosure of personal income represented an unacceptable governmental intrusion into private matters, and a potential threat to personal liberty. It had been designed to impose tax relative to the prosperity of the taxpayer, but without the controversy that then surrounded the idea of income tax. When the United Kingdom of Great Britain came into being on, the window tax, which had been introduced across England and Wales under the Act of Making Good the Deficiency of the Clipped Money in 1696, continued. No provision was made for re-assessing the 1692 valuations and consequently they remained in force well into the 18th century. This tax was levied on rental values and applied both to rural and to urban land. In 1692, the Parliament of England introduced its national land tax. Coal tax acts were passed in 1667 and in 1670. One of the key taxes introduced by Charles II was to help pay for the rebuilding of the City of London after the Great Fire in 1666. This prevented the Crown from creating arbitrary taxes and imposing them upon subjects without consultation. In June 1628, England's Parliament passed the Petition of Right which among other measures, prohibited the use of taxes without its agreement. Also in England, a Poor Law tax was established in 1572 to help the deserving poor, and then changed from a local tax to a national tax in 1601. For example, in England, King John introduced an export tax on wool in 1203 and King Edward I introduced taxes on wine in 1275. ![]() Prior to the formation of the United Kingdom in 1707, taxation had been levied in the countries that joined to become the UK. ![]() Main article: Taxation in medieval England
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